If you, like me, took days of research trying to understand sestinas, you might find this useful.
A sestina (also, sextina, sestine, or sextain) is a highly structured poem consisting of six six-line stanzas followed by a tercet (called its envoy or tornada), for a total of thirty-nine lines. The same set of six words ends the lines of each of the six-line stanzas, but in a different order each time; if we number the first stanza’s lines 123456, then the words ending the second stanza’s lines appear in the order 615243, then 364125, then 532614, then 451362, and finally 246531.
First stanza, ..1 ..2 ..3 ..4 ..5 ..6
Second stanza, ..6 ..1 ..5 .. 2 ..4 ..3
Third stanza, ..3 ..6 ..4 ..1 ..2 ..5
Fourth stanza, ..5 ..3 ..2 ..6 ..1 ..4
Fifth stanza, ..4 ..5 ..1 ..3 ..6 ..2
Sixth stanza, ..2 ..4 ..6 ..5 ..3 ..1
Concluding tercet:
(line) ..2, ( line) ..5
(line) ..4, (line )..3
(line) ..6, (line) ..1
This organization is referred to as retrogradatio cruciata (”retrograde cross”). These six words then appear in the tercet as well, with the tercet’s first line usually containing 1 and 2, its second 3 and 4, and its third 5 and 6 (but other versions exist, described below). English sestinas are usually written in iambic pentameter or another decasyllabic meter.
An alternate form exists using a couplet, instead of a tercet, with the word orders 123 and 456 or 135 and 246.
The sestina was invented in the late 12th century by the Provençal troubadour Arnaut Daniel. Elements of it were quickly imitated by other troubadours, such as Guilhem Peire Cazals de Caortz.
Example I wrote:
dawn brings with it the smell of rain
streaks of yellow light the city
dewdrops lift from their sea of green
snow melts from its fortress of stone
dawn in the call of the mind
as an age rests on the streets forever.
but what makes eternity last forever
entombed in thunder along with rain
lost in the byways of the mind
crisscrossing the avenues of the city
bored holes within their concrete and stone
tufts of moss break grey with green.
dawn swiftly covers ruins with green
that remain a broken monument forever
even lower than plaques carved into stone
eroded now by the torrential rain
blurry memories of a forgotten city
that serve existence only in men’s minds.
what calls whence and wherefore, the mind
it dwells in its haven of blue and green
tripping, soaring above its dream city
will it cease to fly forever
should it encounter the rain
and lose itself in the solitude of stone?
dawn brings illumination to stone
towers that rise in the chasms of the mind
grey clouds gather to fling down the rain
covering and nourishing hidden green
it pours down joy and tears, forever
upon the makeshift name of “city”.
soft yellow melts the cold, merciless city,
with its buildings in quiet, blissful stone
they resolve to stand forever
fragments of an unyielding mind
dawn brings the promise of green
and relief from the enduring rain.
if there was a city, if there was such a mind,
that still sought stone consumed by green
let it rust in peace forever, beneath the algid rain.
-Azuire//lastfactor&c.
A Protest At The Identity Crisis Game
Posted in Commentary with tags AWARE, feminism, Politics, protest, Singapore on May 1, 2009 by lastfactorAccording to newspaper reports, the Ministry of Education is now investigating the Christian-led AWARE exco’s assertions of improper sex ed being offered by their ousted predecessors.
I’ve been following this on the blogosphere – yea, risked my sanity to plough through numerous conservative rantings. I haven’t yet seen a student’s take on this matter, so permit me the liberty of offering mine.
I’m fifteen going on sixteen. From among the top schools, so yes, I do have a middle-class bias. I’m a liberal on social and political issues. I’m a baptised, confirmed Catholic (Roman, not Eastern), but intellectually deist no matter what canon law says. I believe in secularism all the way. And I’m not the only one, let’s not make that an issue.
Look, sex ed or not, you do realise, don’t you, that your average teenager is a horny bastard? And by no means completely naïve, either. I look at the class next door and I tell you most of the guys there watch hentai, and lots of girls read porn (and it could be vice versa, I just don’t know the girls who watch or the guys who read). It doesn’t mean we’re having sex like rutting bunnies, or that we’re sex fiends, or that we’re going about indulging in paedophilia or nymphomania. Or even having sex, really. Theology of the Body is so not our issue, and believe me, the ethics of Humanae Vitae don’t matter to us. ‘Condoms are evil’ isn’t going to work on science students, nor will the ‘sex must be procreative within a heterosexual, monogamous Christian marriage’ meme.
Do you honestly believe that we poor children know nothing of homosexuality? And so are liable to moral corruption? Honey, you think none of us are queer? In “http://sg.news.yahoo.com/cna/20090501/tap-252-awares-comprehensive-sex-educati-231650b.html”> another article, a trainer is quoted as saying that ‘trainers use the word “partner” instead of “husband”, for instance, so that lesbian students do not “tune out”’. Well duh. Religion has nothing to do with this. In my admittedly limited social circle I know one lesbian, and she is a practising Catholic.
And in any case, half the guys I know are yuri fanboys, and another friend skipped out on her class outing yesterday to drop by Kino and pick up more yaoi. Slash by any other name is still slashy, m’love.
Shelter your coddled fundamentalist kiddies all you want. This is your happy, uncensored next generation, unafraid of your condemnation, content in actually being human. ‘Live and let live’, at least, if not totally an ally and totally a liberal secularist.
You know, the only sex ed I’ve ever had in school has been the abstinence-only kind. I found out later that the speakers were from some Christian group. I nearly stormed out when they made a presentation on gay people being perverse, more likely to commit suicide and be depressed, drawing no link between this and the atmosphere of persecution they /you promote. Mind you, I am in a government-founded independent school, a secular school (a secularism that’s been raised before by the vice-principal at morning assembly).
I wrote an email to my mentor, I here present a pertinent excerpt:
And the presentation the sex ed facilitators made, which pissed me off so bad? Came at a time when one of my level-mates was coming out and I was just starting to realise I was bi. Sheesh. I love those people who protested. We hadn’t even any clue the facilitators were religious, the school didn’t tell us that. I knew only because I asked.
The values that these conservative extremists claim to promote in ‘our’ interests – ‘their’ youth, my people – are not our values at all. Stop deluding yourselves, and at least be honest about the fact that this is an attempt to control and not protect our very bodies.
This content is published from a source that does not necessarily reflect the views of the team at lastfactor&c. The original author reserves the right to repost or adapt this content (in print or electronic).
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